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61.
采用急性毒性试验方法,研究了典型抗癌药5-氟尿嘧啶和重金属Cd单一及复合污染对小麦、白菜和水稻种子发芽、根伸长及芽伸长的影响。结果表明:单一5-氟尿嘧啶或Cd的浓度与3种作物根伸长和芽伸长抑制率显著相关(P0.05);相对于芽伸长抑制率,根伸长抑制率是更敏感指标;5-氟尿嘧啶对小麦、白菜和水稻种子的根伸长半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为212.80、102.53、13.30 mg·L-1,Cd对3种作物种子根伸长IC50分别为118.27、23.32、22.21 mg·L-1,3种作物对于两种污染物胁迫的敏感性依次为水稻白菜小麦。通过联合毒性试验发现,5-氟尿嘧啶和Cd不同比例浓度复合处理下根伸长的复合抑制率小于各组分单独作用的相加抑制率,对3种作物种子的复合毒性表现为拮抗作用。 相似文献
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荸荠去皮机设计与试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis(Burm. f.) Trin.)外形不规则以及去皮损失大、去不净的问题,采用平刀去顶芽、斜刀去底部、圆弧刀去侧皮的组合切削方式,设计1种荸荠去皮机。通过对荸荠外形参数的测量与建模,拟合得到荸荠外轮廓曲线,确定刀具的结构参数范围。基于3D打印技术,采用单因素试验,确定了切削速度、底面斜刀倾角与长度、侧面圆弧刀弦长对去皮损失率与去净率的影响,优化得到了适宜的结构参数与运动参数,在转速为40 r/min、底面斜刀倾角为82°、底面斜刀长度为14 mm、侧面圆弧刀弦长为22 mm(直径42.75 mm)的条件下,去净率达到93%,损失率为24.4%,显著高于人工去皮与机械摩擦去皮。 相似文献
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E. E. Mahdy 《Plant Breeding》1988,101(3):245-249
The breeding materials used in this study were the F3, F4 and F5-generations of the cross between Giza 158 × Sonora 64 (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of Smith-Hazel, desired gain selection indices, independent culling levels and single trait selection in improving grain yield, heading date and several agronomic traits. Highly significant differences among F3 families and a satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability were obtained for all the traits studied. The genotypic correlations were high between yield and each of spike weight, kernels/spike and spikes; plant, intermediate with 1000 kernel weight and very low with heading date, plant height and spike1 length-After two cycles of selection, the results of the gains realized indicated that the most effective method for improving yield was the Smith-Hazel index (SH7) of seven traits followed by the desired gain index of seven traits (DG7), SH5, independent culling levels, DG5 and direct selection (or grain yield/plant. Direct selection for heading date, plant height and spike length was the best method for improving these traits, but undesirable correlated responses in the other traits were obtained. 相似文献
67.
Numerical Simulation on Drying Characteristics of a Combined Microwave-convection Process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Combined microwave-convection drying characteristics are investigated by numerical simulation. Combined microwave-convection drying has advantage of swift drying and sterilization. Based on qualitative analyses on the mechanism of combined microwave-convection drying, the differential equations are established and the numerical simulation method is described. The humidity, vapor pressure and temperature, along the radius in a spherical pill, are calculated by the numerical simulation during drying process. The calculation results show the relationship between humidity, vapor pressure, temperature and drying time, and that drying process is greatly influenced by input microwave power. The calculation results are good consistent with the experimental datum. 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to determine the degree of lignin degradation and to investigate changes in the chemical composition of the organic matter in the forest floor in an N fertilized Norway spruce forest soil. Needle litter and mor humus were collected from the field experiment at Skogaby in southern Sweden (56°33′N; 13°13′E). The spruce stand had been fertilized for 11 years with 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1 as (NH4)2SO4. The degree of lignin degradation was determined with alkaline CuO oxidation followed by HPLC analysis. The chemical composition of the organic matter was characterized by CPMAS 13C NMR. Tannin was specifically analyzed using dipolar dephasing CPMAS 13C NMR and the N distribution was studied by CPMAS 15N NMR.The C-to-N ratios in the fertilized Oi and Oe layers were significantly lower than in the unfertilized layers (24 compared to 34 and 23 compared to 27, respectively). Neither the sum of the CuO oxidation products (Vanillyls+Syringyls+Cinnamyls expressed as VSC) nor the acid-to-aldehyde ratio ((Ac/Al)V) showed any significant treatment effects. The content of aromatic C (including phenolic C) was significantly lower in the unfertilized than in the fertilized Oi layer (18 versus 21%). In the unfertilized soil, VSC was positively correlated (r=+0.63, p<0.05) with the C-to-N ratio, whereas the phenolic C content was negatively correlated (r=−0.61, p<0.05). The tannin index showed a tendency of increasing from Oi to Oe layers in both treatments. Most of the organic N was found as amide-N, whereas no heterocyclic N was detected. We have not been able to show any major C structural changes due to N fertilization. We suggest that the significantly higher content of aromatic and phenolic C in the fertilized Oi layer is due to an initial stimulation of the microbial community. 相似文献